esterification of benzoic acid mechanism
Below is the reaction between benzoic acid, a carboxylic acid, and ethanol, an alcohol. Influence of various reaction parameters such as molar ratio (anhydride/alcohol), catalyst amount . Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. actual yield: 2, Percent yield: (Actual/ theoretical) x 100= (2.07g/11)100=18%. Because there is no steric hindrance in primary alcohols. Draw the organic product of the reaction of phenol with Br2 in the space below. This is a reversible reaction, and it is carried out in the presence of concentrated acids such as sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Draw the product and mechanism for the esterification reaction of acetic anhydride and 1-octanol. : an American History (Eric Foner), Fischer esterification of benzoic acid lab report. Esterification Limits of Benzoic and Toluic Acids with Lower Alcohols Rate and Equilibrium of Esterification of 2-butanol and 2-propanol by Sulfuric Acid The Application of Victor Meyer's Esterification Law to Neighboring-xylic Acid and Its Reduced A commercially important esterification reaction is condensation polymerization, in which a reaction occurs between a dicarboxylic acid and a dihydric alcohol (diol), with the elimination of water. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. 0000057501 00000 n Exp6 prepmethylbenzoate chem234 - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Draw the major organic product of the following reaction. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Benzoic Acid | IntechOpen Organic Chemistry 1 and 2Summary SheetsAce your Exam. The theoretically yield for the experiment is 85%, so the percent recovery was low. 0000010183 00000 n %PDF-1.6 % 0000003466 00000 n Fischer Esterification of Benzoic Acid & Methanol in HCl (RXN Mechanism 0000010044 00000 n looks clear, As the cooled reaction mixture was Ask me anything over Zoom whenever I am online! A large amount of acetic acid is used to increase the yield of the product by shifting equilibrium in a forward direction. 2) Deprotonation by pyridine. 15.7: Preparation of Esters - Chemistry LibreTexts Ester Hydrolysis and Saponification Preferences: [{Image src='product3275076359212539097.jpg' alt='product' caption=''}]. Titanium-catalyzed esterification reactions: beyond Lewis acidity Azeotropes can be distilled using a Dean-Stark trap. Selva and Tundo explored the reaction of DMC with mercaptobenzoic acids and carboxylic acids bearing OH substituents in the presence . 0000013027 00000 n Draw the major organic product for the reaction below. This step involves the intramolecular migration of hydrogen atoms. Predict the product of the reaction of p-methyl benzoic acid with each of the following: CH_3MgBr in ether, then H_3O^+. 0000009277 00000 n 0000012719 00000 n mixture. In this step, a water molecule is removed which will result in protonated ester. The mechanism for the reaction is quite complex. View the full answer Step 2/4 Step 3/4 Step 4/4 Final answer Transcribed image text: Elimination (1,2-elimination) is an extremely important reaction mechanism of the carbonyl (C=O) group, which is present in such functional groups as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives. We have developed Eudragit S-100 (ES) coated folic acid (FA) conjugated gliadin (Gd) delivery . H)B;+_?btR')Cst4 E\`DL7R?Z*I]9QN++C0ssSu u$j=p}y@kQLv?mF~or9{EMQ&g7ZD]Ut Tgx.,o8$:)M+ 4hQ`W? v8#x rO@.OU&d^uAZ w:hTyPsg6ImbYq^3ULNd. Esterification - Synthesis of Methyl Benzoate Sample 0000011182 00000 n Checked by C. S. Marvel and Tse-Tsing Chu. hTMo@+OEDD9 Un=KeAdL|r"# EY#`uwsvGYz/s0;%jn6]+qTz'$=P#V9+vNh%@=J Qa%^Q9( 0000005182 00000 n The acid catalyzed esterification of benzoic acid w ith methanol can be represented as in Figure 3. An efficient general method for esterification of aromatic carboxylic Draw the products of benzoic acid reacting with sodium hydroxide. 0000006717 00000 n Ph3P-I2 mediated aryl esterification with a mechanistic insight present in the organic layer transfer to the aqueous layer, drying the organic layer. 'qYBWc[K\nQMb,+'^ee.^"y[4_bW[Z%Rl}UAi=J>g6? lV endstream endobj 358 0 obj <>stream Become Premium to read the whole document. Show stereochemistry where appropriate. It is a very slow reaction without a catalyst. Draw 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and 2-butanone reaction mechanism. 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Fischer Esterification: Fischer esterification is a synthetic reaction used in the formation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols. Draw the structures of the reactants or products of the following Fischer Esterification reactions. It is also More fromCHM 2322 (Organic Chemistry Lab II) (Class) / Dr. Mark A. Forman (Teacher) / Saint Josephs University (School) / schoolwork (Post Type). In a round-bottom flask, put 10g of CH_3CH_2OH, H^+. }mtH1& This was proved by the isotope labeling experiment where methanol has an oxygen isotope (O18) treated with benzoic acid. If more of a compound is added to one side, then equilibrium will shift towards the other side. 0000012411 00000 n Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Esterification Tertiary alcohols due to the presence of substitution prefer elimination reaction. Draw the product and a complete mechanism for its formation, for the 0000011487 00000 n 0000050812 00000 n Vibration analysis was carried out to confirm TS structures and imaginary frequencies. decant the methyl benzoate into it. 2.Fisher esterification reaction: acid-catalyzed reaction of carboxylic acids with 1 or 2 alcohols to give esters Reagents: ROH (usually solvent), HCl (strong acid) C C O OH HOH . (If no reaction occurs, draw the starting material.) Draw the organic product of the following nucleophilic substitution reaction. If a chiral product is formed, clearly draw stereochemistry. It consists of five steps as elucidated below: Protonation Nucleophilic addition Tautomerization Dehydration Deprotonation 1. . Createyouraccount. PDF Chapter 11 Esterification, Polycondensation, and Related Processes - Kfupm Need some good practice on the reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives? 772C HWMo8Wh 8"hQT=${pn,9J"! The Second-Most Important Mechanism Of The Carbonyl Group. It was observed that 5% Ru/C was an active catalyst for hydrogenation of both aromatic ring and carboxylic group, while Pd/C catalyst hydrogenated only aromatic ring. 0000006173 00000 n Step 3: Fischer Esterification of 3-Nitrobenzoic Acid to Produce Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate Overall Reaction: 2 As in the previous step, the amounts of reagents used for this procedure will depend on the mass of 3-nitrobenzoic acid that you use in the reaction. the water layer, With 25ml of water and 25ml of %> {JMeuJ 0000001236 00000 n 0000009002 00000 n At the carbonyl carbon, esters react with nucleophiles. Moles of methanol= 19.8g/32.04g/mol=0 mol Fischer Esterification: Synthesizing Methyl Benzoate from Benzoic Acid Esterification of BenzocaineBy: Nick Makowski and Monica Schaeffer Purpose:To practice the techniques of refluxing and vacuum filtration to perform an esterification reaction to create benzocaine from p-aminobenzoic acid Chemical Structures/Reactions/Mechanisms: Results: Physical Appearances- separatory funnel, Pour the bicarbonate layer into an 0000000016 00000 n Weight of distilled methyl benzoate: 6.274 g, (Weight of distilled methyl benzoate) / (Weight of benzoic acid) * 100 = Percent recovery. Ru-Sn/Al2O3 is a chemoselective catalyst for hydrogenation of -COOH group of benzoic acid. This is known as a "Fischer esterification," the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. rgz9$?f 15 9 Hydrolysis of Esters Chemistry . Starting amount of benzoic acid: 10 A: Click to see the answer. HWn8+RHJen1E;QM"$]%)JQh> ?4@9)/P''`V/`wp-:3R#\l@g k Preparation of esters via Fischer esterification - Khan Academy Preparation of Methyl Benzoate Academia edu. Draw the organic product for the following acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction. A. precipitate. Water can be removed by simple distillation or azeotropic distillation with different solvents. Kek Final Paper - SlideShare 0000011336 00000 n 0000010571 00000 n sodium bicarbonate soln, wash the While separating the layers, it gauge when to close the stopcock perfectly, so that led to a loss of eventual product. BENZILIC ACID. In the laboratory manual, they state that the pdf, Chapter 01 - Fundamentals of Nursing 9th edition - test bank, Is sammy alive - in class assignment worth points, 1-1 Discussion Being Active in Your Development, Carbon Cycle Simulation and Exploration Virtual Gizmos - 3208158, QSO 321 1-3: Triple Bottom Line Industry Comparison, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, After 45 min the benzoic acid melted When a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol, it produces an ester. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. It's the second most important reaction of carbonyls, after addition. added to the water it began turning 0000007524 00000 n Esterification. &.K{)Uxq6{pK,>A80V{xqb$l1[y-c99tdDIJJ>y>Y E IU0'X6E7ewWwPC^n`p7COV0zXc}`)D9cCi37APNOG-H)BNbX\,$evu^h>?n5J++[WV[kO77;5)%]d ;+ Draw the carboxylic acid and alcohol needed to synthesize the ester by Fischer esterification. Solved 1) In each of the following reactions (i) using | Chegg.com product while shaking and releasing pressure during separation. 4. 1,935C Draw the organic product formed in the given reaction. The mechanisms of the Fisher esterification reaction is an equilibrium process that takes place over a few hours of refluxing. The most common example of acid catalyst fisher esterification is as follows: The mechanism of Fischer esterification is similar to acid-catalyzed reactions. 2. 0/mL of methanol x 25mL= 19 Add to it 0.62 mol of methanol in a 100 mL round-bottomed flask. term (acute) (CH_3)_3 C CO_2 CH_3. 3. View Lab Report - Lab 8 - Fischer Esterification from CHM 2123 at University of Ottawa. benzoic acid + PCl5, Write the products of the reaction of each of the following with H_2O,\ H^+, and with ethyl alcohol \\ a. Pentanoyl chloride b. Benzoic anhydride c. Ethyl benzoate d. Benzonitrile. Assume the reaction has been terminated and neutralized. 0000013019 00000 n When magnetically coated, Mylar tape is used in audio- and videocassettes. draw the organic product formed in the following reaction. The equation (4) is also wrong, with 33 H at left-hand side and 28 at right. Esterification of Benzoic Acid.docx - Esterification of Follow the general scheme in Study Problem 20.2, text p. 975. Pour the sulfuric acid down the walls b) Washing the organic layer with saturated sodium chloride solution makes the water The goal of this experiment was reached because the Fischer esterification reaction was used to Since this reaction is reversible, several strategies. Another reason could be loss of When examining the 1H NMR spectrum no peaks were observed in the 10-13 ppm range indicating presence of benzoic acid. Solved 1. Write the overall reaction for our esterification | Chegg.com and How would you classify the product of the reaction? This gave me a percent yield of 18%. It is also formed into films called Mylar. Draw the major organic product for the following reaction: Draw the major organic product of the following reaction. Cross), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Give Me Liberty! The methyl benzoate can be synthesized by esterification of benzoic acid with methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Procedure for esterification of benzoic acid and heptanol. Esters are usually pleasant-smelling compounds characterized by an alkoxy group bonded to a carbonyl carbon. Determine the weight of the dry benzoic acid and calculate the theoretical yield of methyl benzoate based on the weight of benzoic acid with which you started (6.1 g) less the weight of benzoic acid recovered. Esters are made by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol, a process that is called esterification. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library, Esterification: Definition, Process & Reactions, Draw the ester formed by the reaction of heptanoic acid and ethanol. Use between 1 and 2 g of it! PDF Fischer Esterification of 3-ntrobenzoic acid 2017 - Truman State University Such a reaction yields an ester that contains a free (unreacted) carboxyl group at one end and a free alcohol group at the other end. Draw the major organic product formed by the reaction of 2-hexyne with the following reagent: H_2O in H_2SO_4/HgSO_4. Draw a structure for the major organic product you would expect from reaction of 3-methyl-3-pentanol with HCl. ether solution remaining in the Let reflux for one hour, Cool the soln. This nature of the reaction allows to hydrolyze esters back into a carboxylic acid and alcohol when the water is now used in a large excess: The reaction works even better by base catalysis (saponification) because it makes the process irreversible. 0000012873 00000 n Draw the organic product of the nucleophilic substitution reaction. identify conversion of acid end groups, degree of polymerization and the concentration of by-products rates according to the change of operating conditions. 'YFNFge-e6av jI Mechanism of the base-promoted hydrolysis (Figure 21.9) ROH C O carboxylic acid ROCH3 C O a) NaOH, H2O b) H3O+ ester. Its all here Just keep browsing. separatory funnel with 50ml of water, Rinse flask with 35ml of t-butyl Remember, soap is a salt of a fatty acid and can be formed when a fat (an ester derived from a glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid) is hydrolyzed by base catalysis: How do we know this is the correct mechanism of base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis? startxref oi|oe%KcwX4 n! A Study of the Esterification of Benzoic Acid with Methyl Alcohol Using The percent recovery of methyl benzoate for the experiment was 62.69%. methyl benzoate is high, 199C. Check this 45-question, Multiple-Choice Quiz with a 50-min Video Solution covering the reactions of acids, esters, lactones, amides, acid chlorides and etc. Draw structures of the reactants or products of the following Fischer Esterification reactions. 0000009890 00000 n Synthesis of ethyl p-aminobenzoate (benzocaine) from p- nitrobenzoic acid 0000013557 00000 n Draw all stereoisomers formed in the given reaction. Ester Hydrolysis: Acid and Base-Catalyzed Mechanism - Chemistry Steps Write an esterification reaction between sorbic acid and methanol. 0000010510 00000 n xb```f````c`ef`@ ;FE F7&&u'9UP_@XS`zB9jvYKx7{X0HmRz|%zXeWELa47t*rMK88o]#J2AD3HZsw5:f&2yk}e"vmuzMR^wY$ 0000004476 00000 n 0000011795 00000 n Abu Bakar Salleh works at Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research and is well known for Organic Solvent, Organic Solvents and Thermostable Lipase. Esterification of Benzocaine The Fischer exterification technique is utilized in the academic and industrial settings due to the simplified synthesis and safety parameters of the overall reaction. Draw the major organic product formed when the compound shown below undergoes a reaction with CH_3OH in the presence of HCI. The carboxylic acid formed during the reaction is deprotonated by the alkoxide or the hydroxide ions making the overall reaction irreversible. Theoretical yield: 11 3. This is a common mechanism in organic chemistry, and its mastery is important in learning how carbonyl compounds behave. Draw the major product formed in the following reaction with NaCN and other reactants ethanol and water. 1. remove the ether, Once the t-butyl is distilled off, then 0000001060 00000 n The reaction will be prepared by Fischer esterification, which involves the reaction reaching equilibrium after refluxing for a few hours. Understand the esterification definition and ester general formula, and also see the example of the esterification reaction of fatty acids. Azeotropic distillation is the process of separation of liquids mixture on the basis of volatilities. Also, draw what happens when the product of this step is treated with ethyl benzoate. To summarize, yes, the nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism predominates in ester hydrolysis, however, you should not exclude the possibility of SN2 and SN1 reactions depending on the structure of the ester. 2. The partially positive carbon becomes susceptible to the attack of negatively charged species such as the oxygen atom of alcohols. This reaction was discovered by Emil Fisher and Arthur Speier in 1895. B. You take the acid and the alcohol: And then you take out an H from the benzoic acid and the OH from the ethanol; these two byproducts become water: Then, you take the remaining O on the benzoic acid, and you bond it to the C on the ethanol: ?t"sh@, W. src='108react7399676055761647507.jpg' alt='' caption='', Draw the structure of the hemiacetal or hemiketal that results from the following reaction: butanal + isopropyl alcohol to. [{Image src='reaction8479124686314675931.jpg' alt='reaction' caption=''}], Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following reaction: CH_3 CH_2 OH. The experimental procedure was followed pretty much as written. please draw the reaction mechanisms: 2-chloro-2-methylpropane + AgNO3 in ethanol Bromocyclohexane + AgNO3 in ethanol. 0000015725 00000 n 7 the appearance of a peak at 1730.11 cm-1 indicating the presence of an ester bond (IR attached). reactants was chosen because from the mechanism we can see that in the starting material 0000004001 00000 n To evaluate the effect of the substrate's acidity on the reaction, a series of carboxylic acids (1) were reacted with 3-nitrophenol to provide 3-nitrophenolic esters 2.As shown in Table 2, the reaction using benzoic acid and its derivatives proceeded smoothly to provide the esters 2 in good to excellent yields regardless of their pK a values. :}eh@e`\V7@ s endstream endobj 15 0 obj <> endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 18 0 obj <> endobj 19 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <> endobj 21 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <>stream 10 benzoic acid/122/mol = 0 mol Q: Calculate the pH for 0.0150 M HCrO solution. Synthetic arteries can be made from PET, polytetrafluoroethylene, and other polymers. Learn. Draw the major product of the hydroboration reaction of this alkene. ;}-8.v9'Eef6f 00BZ!gWeT}jaQ)~tdE,5jEC Draw the product that will be obtained from the reaction of each of the following alcohols with HOCl. Q: A 1.20 L weather balloon on the ground has a temperature of 25.0 C and is at atmospheric pressure. Step 2: Preparation of ethyl p-aminobenzoate (esterification of p-aminobenzoic acid) Place 80 ml of absolute ethanol in a 250 ml two-necked flask equipped with a double surface reflux condenser and a gas inlet tube. 0000004003 00000 n Esterification of benzoic acid to give methyl benzoate Essentially, we are drawing the reverse order of Fischer esterification so, in the first step the ester is protonated promoting the nucleophilic attack of water: Notice that just like the Fischer esterification, the process is an equilibrium which makes the reaction a little challenging as it may require higher temperatures and removal of the alcohol as it is formed to push the equilibrium forward. Phenol esters can not be prepared by the Fischer esterification method. Synthesis and characterization of sulfonic acid functionalized So if you start with the carboxylic acid, and you add an alcohol, and a source of protons, you're gonna form your ester, and you're also going to make water in this process. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. shaking, some bubbling is seen, When 15ml NaCl is added & shook, The aim of the study was to develop a drug delivery system for specific targeting in colon cancer. Acid Anhydrides react with alcohols to form esters, Reactions of anhydrides use Pyridine as a solvent, Prof. Steven Farmer (Sonoma State University). <<3baea9eb20b21f4494ce8fadbea0b8fb>]>> Draw the product of the organic reaction below. The round bottom flask was placed on a heating plate and was refluxed starting at 109 C. Synthesizing Methyl Benzoate from Benzoic Acid, An Art Critique on Tennis Court by Ellsworth Kelly (1949), #ART 1021 (Introduction to Art History & Appreciation II), Oxygenation and Hydrochlorination of Vaskas Complex Ir(Cl)[P(C6H5)3]2(CO), The Mental, Physical, and Social Implications of Self Enhancement, Synthesis, Determination, and Catalytic Measurement of Ruthenium Indenylidene Complexes used in Olefin Metathesis, Synthesis and Determination of [1,3,5-C6H3(CH3)3]Mo(CO)3, Synthesis and Determination of Polypyrazolylborates, Ring-Opening Metathesis PowerPoint Presentation, Double Group Transfer Reactions of an Unsaturated Tantalum Methylidene Complex with Pyridine N-Oxides. 0000005749 00000 n In the chemical structure of carboxylic acid, R-COOR', where R and R' are either alkyl or aryl groups. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Flow chart for the isolation of methyl . Figure 1: Formation of benzocaine from p-aminobenzoic acid Experimental P-aminobenzoic acid (1.211g) and absolute ethanol (15mls) were combined with three boiling chips in a 50ml round bottom flask. Ester Hydrolysis: Acid and Base-Catalyzed Mechanism, Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Practice Problems, Ester Hydrolysis by Acid and Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis, Esters Reaction with Amines The Aminolysis Mechanism, Ester Reactions Summary and Practice Problems, Preparation of Acyl (Acid) Chlorides (ROCl), Reactions of Acid Chlorides (ROCl) with Nucleophiles, Reaction of Acyl Chlorides with Grignard and Gilman (Organocuprate) Reagents, Reduction of Acyl Chlorides by LiAlH4, NaBH4, and LiAl(OtBu)3H, Preparation and Reaction Mechanism of Carboxylic Anhydrides, Amides Hydrolysis: Acid and Base-Catalyzed Mechanism, Amide Dehydration Mechanism by SOCl2, POCl3, and P2O5, The Mechanism of Nitrile Hydrolysis To Carboxylic Acid, Nitrile Reduction Mechanism with LiAlH4 and DIBAL to Amine or Aldehyde, The Mechanism of Grignard and Organolithium Reactions with Nitriles. Due to the high importance of thioesters, considerable work has been devoted to their synthesis.
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