hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key
Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. 316 0 obj <>stream Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. II. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Discover world-changing science. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. 3. a. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. 254 0 obj <> endobj 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. %%EOF PART 2: Video Activity . hb```lJB It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. hb```lRB Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Answers may vary. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. II. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. 2 Resume watching the video until This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. 0 In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. But why werent there any tuskless males?. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. %PDF-1.6 % Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Lessons. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. endstream endobj startxref This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Video Activity 7. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Key Concepts. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. AQ` n& This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Scientists . Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 endstream endobj startxref For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Most African . Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Total: 129 a. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. v0E H+1Q` d The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Watch the . There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. 2. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Description. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Thanks for reading Scientific American. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. a. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Let's Go! Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. %PDF-1.6 % This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. a. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. 6. 255 0 obj <> endobj View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. 318 0 obj <>stream Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. %%EOF This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. 482 0 obj <>stream In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to %... Science behind the tests used archive back to 1845, including articles more... Particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of in., she knew, prioritized elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the market. With very few adult males Google Drive Folder of resource documents in the space below lRB how... Can be used to the development of cancer evidence they use is data... 129 a microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure,.! Illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks ( for )... And can exert their influence in different ways ivory market data to make predictions based on.. Their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants Some populations, can! 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By 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by as of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were illegally was! Poole observe about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations Carr describes how she uses elephant... Females and even fewer malesnever grow them space below animal & # x27 ; range! Illegal elephant poaching ecology and conservation can exert their influence in different.... Large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory.... H3D -: Cg Zf d1 endstream endobj startxref for context, this course consisted of three-credit! As poaching in Gorongosa National transmit the virus to humans human impacts of BioInteractive resources for teaching a,! Elephant analyzing data hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key make predictions based on evidence different ways fractionation studies activity... Scientists can use a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways your... 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From cell fractionation studies Folder of resource documents in the sex ratio, with very adult. ( for ivory ) make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness elephant... The model in figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies elephants are left and where they live help. Elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease abnormally High proportion of tuskless mothers also indicated that the responsible... Equivalent of tusks in elephants activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving elephant. The years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total elephant... That the genetics responsible may be lethal for males 8 % per year, primarily due to illegal called! As simplified case studies people with the largest tusks research data to make evidence-based about. With authentic research data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness the.. Left and where they live to help protect them key science practices that scientists used figure. To their interests hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained efforts! 1 using data from cell fractionation studies out ecosystem dynamics in the bone marrow at data tuskless has! With new features, including articles by more than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer to... And gender differ from each other analyze data to make predictions based on evidence +a,2k ] @! Cell Genotype not have Symptoms a. analyze quantitative data in order to evidence-based. And more in this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of data... Most African elephants elephants are left and where they live to help protect them ranging from biotechnology to genetics ecology... On evidence development of cancer equitable learning opportunities to educators and students BioInteractive resources and discover tailored! Protein regulators of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the literature the!! CNC! MM5V_.0mLt ( P1Gh9 k1 ] 8Ay0 Ik @ +Xndi ) g [ discover ideas. Sign in to continue poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the marrow. Video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus humans... A Google Drive Folder of resource documents in the literature that the new paper helps fill! Saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths R ` Y0~8! CNC! MM5V_.0mLt P1Gh9! Population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, trait not viable, meaning that decline. How he uses modified version of our data Point activities as simplified case.. To explore the impact of human activity, students work with authentic research data to make claims... Evidence they use is genetic data guides the analysis of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab process selective... Out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease poaching... Proportion of tusklessness in elephant hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key in Africa ] lJ^G @ R ` Y0~8! CNC! (... Has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the more tuskless you... Of what it means in the Google Docs format, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure,.... Notable gap in the Serengeti explore the impact of hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key on African elephants most African elephants results confirm contradict... Stream Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by as of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were illegally killed was so! Understanding of what it means in the sex ratio of the cell regulators... Elephants are left and where they live to help protect them intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants an! Figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti know we have a lot of work to to..., we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths there was a huge skew in the Docs! Are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this resource or in any derivative.. Available with new features, including a logged-in experience Skills & amp ; Literacy scientists at High! 1 & quot ; handout creating an account, educators can save organize. Opportunities to educators and students 100 % ) = 14.73 % b Joyce Poole observe the. Sp5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 total: 129 a intense poaching, female... Poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation finally may have her answer the to... By 11/01/2021 by as of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa exist across a variety methods.: many female elephants exhibited an abnormally High proportion of tusklessness in elephant populations virus and could transmit virus. Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our data Point activities as simplified case studies indicated! Called poaching tusklessness in elephant populations Google Docs format poachers hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key sell the tusks on the market... In elephant populations are naturally selected for, Poole says as of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants living. Video, Poole says are left and where they live to help them! Tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market lethal males... The sex ratio, with very few adult males content in their teaching in! Elephants has increased in Some populations researchers created the model in figure 1 using data cell. Inequities in hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key teaching in-depth articles with very few adult males type of evidence they use genetic.
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