effect of microwave on human body ppt
Exp Neurobiol. 2014;8:63. An abnormal EEG is closely associated with damaged cognitive ability. NR2B plays a key role in LTP and was decreased from the 3rd to the 18th month post-treatment, and long-term exposure to high doses of radiation may therefore damage cognitive functions. The article's subject is the investigation of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the microwave frequency band in a typical human living environment, especially in shielded areas. Schmid MR, Murbach M, Lustenberger C, Maire M, Kuster N, Achermann P, et al. Furthermore, the expression of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons was decreased. [16] investigated workers who worked at a television transmitter station with a frequency ranging between 202 and 209MHz, 694701MHz, 750757MHz, or 774781MHz and at a medium-wave broadcasting station. increased with the growing in the number of devices that used the Microwave frequencies in. [15] assessed the use of mobile and cordless phones in 347 cases of melanoma in the head and neck region and 1184 controls and found no increased risk. 1994;15:95104. Resting state cortical EEG rhythms in Alzheimer's disease: toward EEG markers for clinical applications: a review. Wang et al. It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. 2013;5:5500110. The direct cause of the observed neuronal damage may have been apoptosis induced by the microwave radiation, and an indirect cause may have been an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which would allow the traversal of toxic substances that could cause damage. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Aksen F, Bashan M, Buyukbayram H. Does 900 MHZ GSM mobile phone exposure affect rat brain? PubMed Cancer in radar technicians exposed to radiofrequency/microwave radiation: sentinel episodes. Electromagnetic fields (EMF): do they play a role in children's environmental health (CEH)? 2008;22:9927. Regional cerebral glucose uptake in the 3xTG model of Alzheimer's disease highlights common regional vulnerability across AD mouse models. PDF Interactions of Electromagnetic Waves with Biological Tissue - EMR Aware Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2012;112:1715. The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention. 2013;34:58998. Proliferation and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 900 MHz modulated radiofrequency field. 1988;9:33745. Cordless phone in power levels very high and microwave frequency level also high. The biological effects of RF energy are proportional to the rate of ener-gy absorption, and the level of absorption varies little with fre-quency. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo and is characterized by a biochemical state that tends toward oxidization, including the formation of oxygen free radicals (i.e., ROS) and nitrogen radicals reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which play major roles in oxidation. Wang LF, Tian DW, Li HJ, Gao YB, Wang CZ, Zhao L, et al. The frequencies of these devices are listed in Table1. Technol Cancer Res Treat. Digestive System: The unstable catabolism of microwaved foods alters their elemental food substances, causing disorders in the digestive system. Li H, Li C. Apoptosis gene expression and their relationship to mtDNA mutation in tumor tissues of gynecologic oncology patients. Additionally, the number of crossings was significantly lower at 3 d after microwave radiation. Bioelectromagnetics. Mosconi L, Tsui WH, Rusinek H, De Santi S, Li Y, Wang GJ, et al. Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. Kayhan H, Esmekaya MA, Saglam AS, Tuysuz MZ, Canseven AG, Yagci AM, et al. (PDF) Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2007;210:63544. Wang H, Peng R, Zhou H, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. 2008;86:718. The conclusions are shown in Table3. Brain electrical activity originates from the membrane potential of the neuron itself and the fluctuation in membrane potential. Effect of 900 MHz radio frequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. PubMed The transduction of a nerve impulse and the postsynaptic potential produced by it result in synaptic transmission. Google Scholar. Othman H, Ammari M, Rtibi K, Bensaid N, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices. A radio frequency electric current enhances antibiotic efficacy against bacterial biofilms. Calabr E, Magaz S. Inspections of mobile phone microwaves effects on proteins secondary structure by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Of these, five rats were repeatedly exposed to extremely low-frequency microwaves (915MHz; pulse width, 20ms; average power density, 0.3mW/cm2; repetition frequency, 4.0Hz; intermittently for 1min, On for 1min, and Off for 10min; SAR, 0.7mW/g) and 5 were in the sham group. Stahlhut Espinosa CE, Slack FJ. One of the bad impacts a microwave has on humans, is that some of the acids in the food people put in the microwave, gets transformed into a type of acid which turns poisonous. Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of prenatal exposure to WIFI signal (2.45 GHz) on postnatal development and behavior in rat: influence of maternal restraint. More than 50% of miRNAs are found in cancer-associated regions of the genome or in fragile sites, suggesting that miRNAs also play important roles in the pathogenesis of neoplasias [96]. 2011;35:36978. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. Chronic microwave exposures were executed with 2.45GHz of either modulated (power density, 0.029mW/cm2; specific absorption rate, 0.019W/kg with a sinusoidal modulation of 400Hz) or non-modulated continuous sinusoidal wave (power density, 0.033mW/cm2; specific absorption rate, 0.023W/kg) for 2h daily for 1month. Regional changes in brain glucose metabolism reflect cognitive impairments in aged rats. Scientific, technical publications in the nuclear field | IAEA Zhang proposed that the sex-dependent relationship between microwaves and the behavior of offspring may be related to sex hormones, and female rats may be equivalently protected by reducing oxidative stress levels. Behav Brain Res. Behav Brain Res. 2000;284:30017. Iran J Public Health. [46] found that by excessively activating the NMDA receptor signaling pathway, microwaves undermine hippocampal synaptic plasticity, explaining the damage observed in learning and memory abilities in radiated rats. Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, Dysfunction of learning and memory abilities, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. 2015;148:150. The relationship between NMDA receptors and microwave induced learning and memory impairment: a long term observation on Wistar rats. Decreased synthesis of acetylcholine accompanying impaired oxidation of pyruvic acid in rat brain minces. Synapse. Regarding the ultra-structure of the hippocampus, symptoms including neuronal atrophy, mitochondrial swelling, crest reduction and a disordered arrangement were observed, the rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited cystic expansion, the number of synaptic vesicles decreased, and the synaptic cleft was widened (2.45GHz pulsed microwave field at an average power density of 1mW/cm2 for 3h/d for up to 30days [45] and an average power density of 2.5, 5, or 10mW/cm2 for 6min/d for up to 1month resulted in an average calculated SAR of 1.05, 2.1, and 4.2W/kg, respectively [46]). ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one. PubMed However, a recent report [3] published by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) noted that discussions about the thermal and non-thermal effects are misleading. PDF Electromagnetic Waves and Human Health - IntechOpen [111] found that the rate of glucose metabolism in the brains of rats was lower after short-term exposure to microwave radiation, and the blood glucose management reduced the damage that was caused by microwave radiation due to the decreased glucose uptake (2.45MHz, 1mW/cm2, continuous radiation for 30 d at 3h/d), as were learning and memory capacity. A metabolomic approach to screening urinary metabolites upon microwave exposure in monkeys. The authors detected the EEG within the frequency bands of 0.530.0Hz for 5 consecutive days. The mechanism by which microwave radiation decreases glucose, resulting in impaired learning and memory in rats, may be related to an increase in the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. Surg Neurol. Riedel G, Platt B, Micheau J. Glutamate receptor function in learning and memory. Concurrently, in the hippocampus, acetylcholine can promote learning and memory [115, 116]. Wang L, Hu X, Peng R. Influence of long-term microwave radiation on contents of amino acids and monoamines in urine of Wistar rats. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. 2004;48:46624. 2008;29:52738. The former is now recognized worldwide as a method for evaluating learning and memory, while the latter is viewed as more susceptible to other factors. It has also been reported that acute exposure to continuous waves of 900MHz EMF or 900MHz waves that were modulated to an amplitude of 50Hz increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA fragmentation as a result of the hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors [73]. 2010;3:4650. Mortazavi S, Rouintan M, Taeb S, Dehghan N, Ghaffarpanah A, Sadeghi Z, et al. 2016;74:99107. Synaptic plasticity is a special function of synapses, which play an important role in learning and memory processes [46], including structural and functional plasticity. 2001;12:72931. J Neuro. A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. [72] found that 2.856GHz, 50mW/cm2 pulsed microwave radiation caused persistent spatial memory impairments, disordered neurotransmitters, and varying degrees of damage in the hippocampus and synapses. Cell Biochem Biophys. Sareesh et al. 1 GHz and 300 GHz. 2006;12:44651. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Low intensity microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and DNA damage in rat brain. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans. Protein synthesis is necessary for dendritic spine proliferation in adult brain slices. Professor, Asst Director at VIT Raised glucose levels enhance scopolamine-induced acetylcholine overflow from the hippocampus: an in vivo microdialysis study in the rat. PDF Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health: A Review of Sources and Effects Wang et al. 2007;34:146779. Messier C, Durkin T, Mrabet O, Destrade C. Memory-improving action of glucose: indirect evidence for a facilitation of hippocampal acetylcholine synthesis. Electromagn Biol Med. [27] found that college students visual reaction times were significantly shorter after 10min of phone-induced microwave radiation. Acetylcholine modulation of neural systems involved in learning and memory. Impairment of long-term potentiation induction is essential for the disruption of spatial memory after microwave exposure. Cookies policy. These conclusions are presented in Table2. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. Starting with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site, Wang et al. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction. One study reported by the Interphone study group [13] showed that there was no increase in the risk of glioma or meningioma in users of mobile phones. Bad impacts a microwave has on our daily lives. MicroRNAs: novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of microwave exposure on rats hippocampus. The Microwave signals in the food can cause water molecules to pulsate, generates heat to cook the food. 2007;28:187380. In broadcasting, the sources of microwaves are mainly FM radio and TV broadcasting antennas, which produce frequencies ranging from 80 to 800MHz. Chronic nonmodulated microwave radiations in mice produce anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain. Biochemical modifications and neuronal damage in brain of young and adult rats after long-term exposure to mobile phone radiations. 1999;75:44756. Eliyahu I, Luria R, Hareuveny R, Margaliot M, Meiran N, Shani G. Effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted by cellular telephones on the cognitive functions of humans. Neurotoxicology. CAS Joubert V, Bourthoumieu S, Leveque P, Yardin C. Apoptosis is induced by radiofrequency fields through the caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway in cortical neurons. [14] found that gliomas are not preferentially located in the parts of the brain with the highest exposure. How a Microwave effects the human body? by jesse aarons - Prezi Clinics. 2017;38:106976. Bioelectromagnetics. 2011;107:35661. Sci STKE. : a biochemical study on mouse brain. These results indicated that mobile phone exposure affected the acquisition of learned responses in Wistar rats. Neuroreport. Additionally, in the 2.4W/kg group, neuronal filopodial density and activity were lower on day 8, and there was a reduction of the dendritic spine maturity on day 14. Frei P, Poulsen AH, Johansen C, Olsen JH, Steding-Jessen M, Schz J. The microwave will do its intended job of heating and will start to burn (or cook) the skin tissue. An increasing level of acetylcholine can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in synapses, but its concentration was decreased by 60% after exposure to microwave irradiation [117]. In 35% of cases, soldiers work in intermediate and hazardous zones and in 22%only in the intermediate zone. 2015;36:4804. This phenomenon may be explained by the varied radiation dosage adopted in these studies. 2010;28:445. Schz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. Military Med Res 4, 29 (2017). Khurana VG, Teo C, Kundi M, Hardell L, Carlberg M. Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic data. Thus, in the early developmental stage, chronic exposure to 2.4W/kg GSM microwaves may influence dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses in cultures of hippocampal neurons. 2015;91:55561. Vecchio F, Babiloni C, Lizio R, Fallani FV, Blinowska K, Verrienti G, et al. Brain Res Rev. However, with its popularization, increasing attention has been paid to its influence on humans. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic. The results showed that 2.1GHz W-CDMA-modulated microwave radiation did not cause apoptotic cell death but altered cell cycle progression [79]. 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation Impairs Learning and Spatial Memory via Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Induced p53-Dependent/Independent Hippocampal Apoptosis: Molecular Basis and Underlying Mechanism. Li M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yu Z. Elevation of plasma corticosterone levels and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor translocation in rats: a potential mechanism for cognition impairment following chronic low-power-density microwave exposure. Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation - Health Effects | Occupational 2000;6:18793. Zhang et al. [101] exposed rats to microwave radiation at frequencies of 0, 900, 1800 and 2450MHz (SARs: 0, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.66mW/kg, respectively) using a transverse electromagnetic cell for 2months for 2h/d, 5 d/week. Brain proteome response following whole body exposure of mice to mobile phone or wireless DECT base radiation. 2004;996:8996. 2015;140:23646. The results showed that gestational Wi-Fi exposure and restraint adversely affected offspring neurodevelopment and behavior in adulthood. J Mol Neurosci. Int J Radiat Biol. However, in rats treated with long-term exposure to radiation, neurons exhibit edema and are arranged irregularly. [80] found that irradiation with 900MHz, 2W/kg continuous microwaves for 24h induced an increase in rat neuronal apoptosis. Suhhova A, Bachmann M, Karai D, Lass J, Hinrikus H. Effect of microwave radiation on human EEG at two different levels of exposure. Wang Q, Cao Z. 2006;79:13140. Megha et al. 2004;155:3743. Article Article California Privacy Statement, Dasdag et al. For example, it can shorten reaction times so that people can better cope with danger. Cordless phone radiation effect flows in a human body same way in the mobile phone [13]. Military Medical Research Bioelectromagnetics. Johnson OL, Ouimet CC. Microwave irradiation affects radial-arm maze performance in the rat. B. Cordless phones effect Cordless phone same worked like a mobile phone. 1994;10:13548. Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. Brain Res. Alterations of cognitive function and 5-HT system in rats after long term microwave exposure. Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, Takubo K, Matsuoka S, Miyamoto K, et al. Repeated exposure to low-level extremely low frequency-modulated microwaves affects cortex-hypothalamus interplay in freely moving rats: EEG study. J Electromagnet Anal. found that long-term treatment with a low dose of microwave radiation reduced the activity and the number of excitatory synapses. 2011;18:32533. 1992;6:379. Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings - SlideShare 2010;473:525. Richter ED, Berman T, Levy O. [99] used a microarray and quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the miRNA expression profile in the hippocampus on days 7 and 14 after irradiation with a microwave at 30mW/cm2. [97] found that long-term exposure to 900MHz radiation decreased the level of rno-miR107and that the whole body (rms) SAR value was 0.0369W/kg, bridging the gap in the interaction between radio frequency radiation (FR) and miRNAs. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. Toxicol Sci. Identification of a novel rat nr2b subunit gene promoter region variant and its association with microwave-induced neuron impairment. Frequency Fields (RF) and Microwave Radiation on human health" by the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) from 2001, with respect . MicroRNAs in neuronal function and dysfunction. Cassel et al. biological effects of electromagnetic waves started to be discussed. 2005;22:32931. [39] exposed rats to microwaves (500 pps, pulse width=2s, and average whole body-specific absorption rate (SAR)=0.6W/kg) for an exposure duration of 45min, and a significant decline was observed in the rats performance, indicating that microwave radiation influenced their working memory. 1994;8:714. Szmigielski [23] collected retrospective data for Polish soldiers over 15years and showed that the prevalence of brain cancer was higher in each age group. Qutob S, Chauhan V, Bellier P, Yauk C, Douglas G, Berndt L, et al. Cassel JC, Cosquer B, Galani R, Kuster N. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter radial-maze performance in rats. However, these experimental results remain to be supported in repeated experiments [40,41,42]. Wang L, Peng R, Hu X, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhao L, et al. Subsequently, significantly more DNA damage was observed in the exposed groups than in the sham group, and their study also indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation caused DNA damage in response to low-intensity microwave exposure.
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