evaluating reconstruction quizlet
pF{:RTV [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG Expert Help. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? WebEvaluating Reconstruction from Multiple Perspectives Introduction The 10 year period after the Civil War is known as the Reconstruction Era. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? (southern Democrats). Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's In Grants opposition to the Tenure of Office Act (passed during Johnsons term in 1867), which required Senate approval of all presidential appointments and dismissals, many believed that Grant evinced the kind of political fortitude necessary to set things aright. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. What was the congressional response? The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. he was lincoln's vice president and a southern democrat. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? These expanding Northern cities were a draw for much of the dislocated workforce in the Southincluding newly freed slaves. Sharecropping practices kept many African Americans in working conditions that werent a significant improvement over slavery. 414 0 obj <> endobj Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. they became caught up in debt. However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. 0 Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan. Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. white violence, KKK, terrorizing blacks and those who supported them so they wouldn't vote. Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg There was no profit for workers. Congressmen? instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. Equality at the ballot box would be a work in progress for decades to come. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream Chapter 16 Review Quiz | American History Quiz - Quizizz The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. The Compromise of 1877 gave the South and its Democratic majority the reigns to carry out social and legal reforms as they saw fit without federal interference or oversight. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves. Reconstruction (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. Though Republicans made quick and huge political gains in the South as newly enfranchised black voters rushed to their support, it was clear that the party and its ideals of peace through racial and sectional harmony on Republican terms remained unpopular with large segments of the populationparticularly with those who were disenfranchised because they could not take the oath or otherwise prove their loyalty to the Union. &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. What happened to black The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. his early supporters were farmers in east Tennessee who didn't own slaves. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. He told the southern states to reject it. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. What did Johnson advise the southern states to do about the 14th amendment? The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. In addition, the teacher should review the interactive maps included as part of this lesson and download the Text Document for Activity 1 and the Text Document for Activity 2, which will include all needed source material and worksheets. Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. While much progress could be seen in things like the exponential growth of railroads, even an optimistic reading of these barometers had to be tempered by an acknowledgement that doubling track mileage does not amount to much when the starting point was so low. Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? *SY(u% 9 Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. Explain your choice. 10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. Ex. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. Reconstruction 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. The impact of scandal on the national political debate was real. The passage of the 14th Amendment and Civil Rights legislation were great victories for the advocates of equality under the law. This was all Congress needed to begin impeachment proceedings. The speeches backfired. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? Think about the italicized questions Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI HUj@}WDn! Did Congress do anything about white violence? One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. Who was the Republican leader in the House? endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. While this lesson will not provide answers for all of these questions, the hope is that it will point students in the direction of seeking out such answers with the documents and the interactive provided and formulating their own similar kinds of questions. Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. Chapter 16 Andrew Johnson. Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF Evaluating Question 2 Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? Question 11 30 seconds Q. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? It gave women the right to vote in the United States. How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee blacks could vote and hold office. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. Congressional Reconstruction. one of the closest races in American history. 5. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. endstream endobj startxref This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. A bill was introduced in February 1866 to reauthorize the oneyearold Freedmen's Bureau and allow it to try in military courts persons accused of depriving former slaves of their rights. Where did most black Americans live in 1900? In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. Who had been his early political supporters? Voter fatigue- northerners were tired of worrying about it and hearing about it. TQSCQIf@*$ Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. The sentence contains at least one complement. (113M many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. Johnson versus Congress. Segregation of both the official and unofficial variety took root. The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). corruption did not come to an end. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. Enough Republican senators appreciated the fact that Johnson's offenses were political and that they did not fall under the high crimes and misdemeanors specified in the Constitution for presidential impeachment. The 10 year period after the Civil War is. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans.
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