john armfield descendants
Literacy had been against the law for slaves, so few of the four million knew how to write. The trace was a 450-mile roadtrace being the colonial word for a native trail through forestand the only overland route from the plateau west of the Appalachian Range leading to the Gulf of Mexico. At the peak of their business, the two men were moving roughly 1,000 people a year, historians said. Ferrill and was brought to Mobile, Alabama at the age of 10 years. This is the only child I have and I desire to find him much. The display was weirdly silent. On the whole, things werent that bad. Ten years ago there was an old beer garden standing on this site, where whites watched football and drank, and there was a gravel lot where trucks were parked. The city bought the half-acre lot in 1999, thanks largely to his agitation. At the Forks, there were no auctions, only haggling. Fairvue was a working plantation, but it was also an announcement that the boy from Gallatin had returned to his humble roots in majesty. You got the wrong person to ask about sparing your feelings, Boxley replies. Can you tell it in a way that is not going to injure my sensitivity? Waller was pinching pennies. Each carried 5 to 50 slaves. While enslaved people waited in Franklin and Armfields holding pen in Alexandria, the two men most likely adopted classic techniques employed by slave traders to enhance enslaved peoples salability, McInnis said. We are not accountable for what happened then. Few profited more than the two Virginia slave traders. But Sarah seems happy.. Along the way, the coffle met other slave gangs, construction crews rebuilding the Wagon Road, widening it to 22 feet and putting down gravel. The first polite questions appeared in newspapers in the summer of 1865, right after the Civil War and Emancipation. He was a minister. Theophilus Freeman, who sold Solomon Northup, ofTwelve Years a Slave, operated over there. He worked for a partnership of slave dealers called Franklin & Armfield, run by his uncle. My heart grieves over Sarah and I do wish it could be different, he wrote. For buyers, these were interpreted not as signs of a masters cruelty, but of a workers defiance. Natchez, pearl of the state, stands on a bluff above the Mississippi. Four or five tents were spread, and the large wagons, which were to accompany the expedition, were stationed where they could be piled high with provisions and other necessaries. New clothes were loaded in bundles. On May 1st, descendants of Isaac Franklin and John Armfield visited Sewanee's campus "on a search for greater truth about their family, its troubling past, and its connection to the University of the South." Check out Kate Parrish's write up on Sewanee Features below. On the ground, a carpet of mud, and leaves beneath it, and dirt under the leaves. 1695 ENG d. 1792 NC Julie Avedikian 2/13/00 Re: John Armfield b. Nancy Ann Armfield was born 1732 in Bucks County, Pennsylvania to John Armfield and his wife. So as far as hating him, I dont have a strong dislike for him. I want to resurrect the history of the enslavement trade, and for 20 years, that is where Ive focused.. John's three married daughters had rem ained in Pennsylvania. I joined fifty-one other slaves whom he had bought in Maryland. A padlock was added to the handcuffs, and the hasp of each padlock closed on a link in a chain 100 feet long. But what it says is wrong. No commands given by anyone, no noise about it, no talking in the ranks, no laughter or merriment, just marching, round and round. Can you put it aside? He would stop the group in its tracks, pull out his purse and pay the man. I dont feel anything per se, she says, benignly. Members of the Armfield family among the travelers were John, his wife, and their five sons-William, John, Jr., Robert, Isaac and Thomas and all their families. What was it like to be in the room with Isaac Franklin? The original John Armfield, from whom all the Armfields of whom we know were descended, was born in the north of England in 1695. Boxley lets less than a second pass. He married Margaret Dunlap about 1784, in Guilford, North Carolina, United States. Developing the exhibit, Greenwald and her team created a database of names of the enslaved who were shipped from the Eastern states to New Orleans. In a statement, the President extended his condolences to Salilig's bereaved family. You going to treat me less than a dog? When cotton went low, they did not. Now, I heard this more than 50 years ago from my great-grandfather, who was born in 1874, or two generations closer than me to the time in question. An act of Congress is needed. A Bible from the family of John Armfield. Now I have five adult children, eight grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. Armfield did not want to pay for passage, not with his hundreds. Their location was also prime, perched so they could collect enslaved people from plantations across Virginia and Maryland and sending them on forced marches in groups of several hundred known as coffles or on tightly packed ships along the Atlantic Coast to the Deep South. Bradley Beal hits season high as Wizards fight to the finish in Atlanta, For Ovechkin in winter, a deadline sell-off makes sense this spring, Commanders cut Carson Wentz and Bobby McCain, clearing cap space, is used to host events including Methodist retreats. 1695 ENG d. 1792 NC 10/12/98 How does a person inside the family measure the inheritance of slave trading? Scholars of slavery are quite familiar with the firm of Franklin & Armfield, which Isaac Franklin and John Armfield established in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1828. Franklin once ran the biggest operation at Forks of the Road, moving hundreds of people every month. He complained that his wifes brother Samuel had condescended to him a few months before. It hangs in the living room, above the sofa. Today the Great Wagon Road, or Valley Turnpike, is known as U.S. Route 11, a two-lane that runs between soft and misty mountains, with pretty byways. Ten thousand dollars was a considerable sum in 1834the equivalent of nearly $300,000 today. His path to the slave trade was less clear-cut than Franklins. People sang. Thomson brings out an article that he wrote some years ago for the GallatinExaminer. That was just part of life. I read, in many places, that slave traders had sex with the women they bought and sold. They got into the domestic slave trade just as the cotton economy and American demand for enslaved labor exploded, and quit right before the United States sank into the financial panic of 1837. The paper lists peoples names, their color and place of origin. Not a single offer, Waller wrote. 1730) John. Born in 1797 in Guilford County, North Carolina, Armfield was coming off a brief stint running a mercantile business and, unsure of what to do next, he may have turned to the slave trade at Franklin's suggestion. After a few days Glenn turned up in Roxboro. The Club at Fairvue Plantation opened in 2004, and hundreds of houses sprang up on half-acre plots. In May 1765 the caravan reached the various destinations of these Pennsylvania travelers. When Franklin and Armfield retired, they passed easily into elite white society, achieving respectable dotage without a murmur. Armfield has at least one direct black descendant, Rodney Williams, who wrote about his heritage - which he said he discovered through DNA testing - in an essay included in "Slavery's. She was about sixteen, dressed in a cheap striped woolen gown, and bareheaded.. We had a cook, a black man. It would have been the easiest thing to do. Many people had scars from whipping. Looking for any information about the ancestors and descendents of John Armfield.I am descended through his daughter, Nancy Ann Armfield. John Armfield Salmon 6 MAY 1823 - 12 FEB 1886 Benjamin Campsall ABT 1769 - JAN 1861 Elizabeth Campsall 10 FEB 1800 - 24 JUL 1874 Ann Thompson ABT 1767 - Family Group Sheet - Child. In 1834, Armfield sat on his horse in front of the procession, armed with a gun and a whip. The labels in the coats once read, Brooks Brothers. She is in the French Quarter, in a gallery of the archive where she works, and all around her are artifacts about the slave trade. Some carried small children. Researching people who were slaves is like a mystery tale. The letter was the first sign that I might be able to trace the route of one of the Franklin & Armfield caravans. I take the old route to Knoxville, but then get onto the freeway, Interstate 40. In Knoxville, in October 1847, Waller readied his gang of 20 or more for the second half of their journey. Beautiful houses, an antique village, a large tourist trade. A singular spectacle, Featherstonhaugh wrote. Historic Structures Report The Historic Structures Report (HSR) for 1315 Duke Street, the Freedom House Museum, was formally presented by SmithGroup on October 28, 2021. Remnants of the original Trace remain out in the woods, 100 yards from the breakdown lane, mostly untouched. We have been stopped for two days by the breaking up of turnpikes and bridges. Theres no indication anywhere in the record that they felt guilty over what they did., Rothman is one of a small handful now fighting to remember the two men who arguably served as the founding fathers of Americas domestic slave trade. Just outside town, the Trace comes to an end at a shabby intersection. And here, someone close to the memory of it says much the same. The companys agents sent people down to Franklin & Armfields slavepens (another word that has disappeared) in Alexandria, just nine miles south of the U.S. Capitol: seamstresses, nurses, valets, field hands, hostlers, carpenters, cooks, houseboys, coachmen, laundresses, boatmen. He knew how to be a gentleman. But he had three brothers, and there are hundreds of their descendants living all around the country. John Armfield Barrister and Mediator John specialises in estate litigation. On holidays it is something, we have to rent a community center. The men dressed in navy blue suits with shiny brass buttonsas they marched singly and by twos and threes in a circle, wrote Felix Hadsell, a local man. The fancy trade meant women sold as forcible sex partners. They were made to go, deported, you could say, having been sold. My ancestor James was dabbling in some slave dealing on these tripssmall amount, nothing big. Next door to it was another, the New Orleans Exchange. To get rid of their attitudes.. I had a brother, Sam, and a sister, Annie, who were left with mother. For example, she persuaded the city to fund a tourist walk about slavery, a kind of mirror image of the Freedom Trail in Boston. He did it, but it is what it is. John Matthew Salilig (Matt Salilig / Facebook) Marcos said this following the arrest of at least 17 suspects behind the death of the 24-year-old student whose body was found in Imus, Cavite on Feb. 28, after one of the suspects disclosed the location. As autumn gathered in 1834, the caravan that John Armfield handed over left Tennessee, bound for Natchez. As the steamboat churned to dock, it passed ships berthed five or six deep, miles of them, from all nations of the earth, bringing in their products and carrying away ours. The arrival, gangplank on the levee, cargo everywhere. 1695 ENG d. 1792 NC 10/07/99 Re: John Armfield b. The site is empty but for the five markers, paid for by the City of Natchez. Records of that part of the journey do not survive, nor do records about the individual slaves in the coffle. Former slavesthere were four millionasked by word of mouth, but that went nowhere, and so they put announcements in the papers, trying to find mothers and sisters, children and husbands swept away from them by the Slave Trail. About half of those people boarded ships in Washington or Norfolk, bound for Louisiana, where Franklin sold them. John Armfield, slave trader and businessman, descended from North Carolina Quakers who were Loyalists during the American Revolution. This year, she curated an exhibition at the Historic New Orleans Collection, Purchased Lives: New Orleans and the Domestic Slave Trade, 1808-1865.. The man in the South who has done the most to call attention to the Slave Trail was born in Natchez in 1940. Ben Key was a slave to Isaac Franklin at Fairvue. Imagine a white woman asks a question:This story is hard for me to listen to and to understand. It is a fine country for the slave to live in and for the master to make money in. And by the way, The negroes are not only well, but appear happy and pleased with the country and prospect before them., At the village of Benton a week before Christmas 1847, Waller huddled with his gang in a ferocious storm. Other white men, similarly armed, were arrayed behind him. Multiply that by 200. It was designed by North Carolina's first registered architect, William G. Armfield. In Raymond, thanks to Thomas Dabney, Waller had gotten in touch with a slave seller named James Ware, a 42-year-old with Virginia roots. Armfield had no wish to continue without his longtime partner. Daniel is pleasant, happy to talk about his hardscrabble days. Thats on the Internet. He knew what manners and culture were, Thomson says. Sold down the river labels a raft of loss. A magnificent Greek Revival courthouse stands next to a one-room barbershop with a corrugated metal front. I walk First Street next to the river and stop in front of a shop, Memories Past and PresentAntiques and Collectibles. A man named Daniel starts a conversation. The other half walked from the Chesapeake to the Mississippi River, 1,100 miles, with riverboat steerage for short distances along the way. You know they took advantage of the black women, and there were no repercussions there. Wallers testimony, to my knowledge, has never been examined in detail. I say, your great-great-grandparents were enslaved persons. Take the Bible. Pretense and bluster rub shoulders with the plain and dejected. So one of his men picked a shallow place and tested it by sending over a wagon and four horses. You know, I have been around blacks all my life. In 1833, the slave-trading firm of Franklin and Armfield was buying at least 1,000 people a year out of the Mid-Atlantic states and selling them in New Orleans and Natchez, where Isaac Franklin spent most of his time. A walk through the house, a look at the kitchen where all the work was done, a walk through the slave cemetery, a rundown of the people who lived and died here, white and blackthanks to Laise, Belle Grove is not a house museum that shorts the stories of slaves. No steamboats for this group. In my family, people looked after their slaves, he said. One of her proudest accomplishments in politics, she says, has been to throw new light on an alternate history. In the kitchen are mammy salt shakers, black lawn jockeys, Uncle Tom figurines and memorabilia of other irritating kindslithographs of pickaninnies eating watermelon, an African figure in a grass skirt, a poster for Country Style Corn Meal featuring a bandanna-wearing, 200-pound black woman. And there were lots of them. I do not approve of revisionist historians. The slave-trade site it mentions, Masperos Exchange, was diagonally across the street from the sandwich place.. Franklin went to the theater with other rich whites and threw dinner parties, earning a reputation as a gregarious host with the best liquors, Rothman said. I never heard of any mistreatment. They placed ads in local newspapers seeking enslaved people almost every single day they remained in business. Lived in Nantucket (??) A celebration of life will be held on Friday, March 3rd 2023 at 1:00 PM at the same location. Isaac Franklin put a building right where that muffler shop issee the peach-colored shed, across the street? Armfield, John, Active 1830-1859. Oh, no. They probably would have had to kill me, with my temperament. She laughs again. And the auction setting of choice was a place called the St. Louis Hotel, Greenwald says, a block from here.. The cut is about 12 feet wide, with shallow ditches on each side. He said his own father knew the name of the people who had enslaved their family in Virginia, knew where they livedin the same house and on the same landin Hanover County, among the rumpled hills north of Richmond. After 15 years at various Tennessee hospitals, and after 15 years selling makeup for Mary Kay Cosmetics (and driving a pink Cadillac, because she moved a ton of mascara), she now occupies herself with family history. She had seen him last when he was 8, and did not recognize him. No buildings on that half-acre. In fact, it is more your story than it is mine.. He had grown up near Gallatin, 30 miles northeast of Nashville, and he went there during off months. Time kind of mellows you out. As U.S. 11 steps into Tennessee, the road finds the Holston River and runs parallel to it. In the morning during winter, the high selling season, black people were marched in circles in front of the dealers shacks. You feel something here? The words Virginia Negroes signaled a kind of brand, Greenwald says. As she talks and points out objects, I notice something I had never seen during many visits to this archive: black people. PARENT . The partners employed stringersheadhunters who worked on commissioncollecting enslaved people up and down the East Coast, knocking on doors, asking tobacco and rice planters whether they would sell. Families--Southern States. I pull in at various towns and ask around. It is a refrain among Southern whites who remain emotionally attached to the plantation daysthat one in 1,000 slaveholders who were black vindicates in some fashion 999 who were not. Reading lights look like converted oil lamps. Today as then, Raymond, Mississippi, is a crossroads, population 2,000. But as Waller drifted through Mississippi, he couldnt sell anyone. He was not ignorant. Even while actively trading slaves, the two men enjoyed an excellent reputation and moved in top-tier social circles, according to Rothman. Although the Armfield gang vanishes from the record, it is possible to follow in detail a coffle of people on the journey from Tennessee to New Orleans, thanks to William Wallers letters. A reedy voice, gentle manners. The auction advertisements at the end of the Slave Trail always said, Virginia and Maryland Negroes.. We studied hundreds of shipping manifests and compiled data on 70,000 individuals. It is the humanity of our ancestors denied that I am interested in. At the same time, that doesnt mean that he didnt have bad habits, Thomson clarifies. Their children included a son named Jack Key, who was freed at the end of the Civil War, at age 21. Armfield and his gang of 300 had marched for a month and covered more than 600 miles. I shall proceed to sell sixty slaves, of various ages, in families, Hite said. Most slave traders at that time were considered common and uncouth, with no social graces. History, too, has largely let them off scot-free, Schermerhorn said. Thomson warms up, shifts in his seat. But until recently, the Slave Trail was buried in memory. (Armfields hotel, which still stands, is used to host events including Methodist retreats.) Most of the others were under 20. He writes me word that a neighbor of his will take six if we can agree upon price.. This article was published more than3 years ago. Privacy Statement The great fall in cotton has so alarmed the people that there is not the slightest prospect of our selling our negroes at almost any price, he wrote home. While still a boy, Armfield ran away from home, vowing not to return until he had acquired more wealth than his father, Nathan Armfield. Frederick County Visitor Center. You cannot imagine it, he wrote home. And there, in an accident hardly repeated by any of the million on the Slave Trail of Tears, he found his mother. The Valley Turnpike once ran on its edge, and the coffle of 300 saw the place from the road. After Isaac died, in 1846, they published the succession, an inventory of his belongings, he says. He spent 35 years in California as an activist, as a teacher, as a foot soldier in anti-poverty programs. Across the street, five historical markers stand on a naked lawn. The same reporter described a noble-looking woman with a bright-eyed seven-year-old. When mother and boy stepped onto the platform, however, no bids came for them, and the auctioneer decided on the spur of the moment to put the boy on sale separately. Map sources: Digital Scholarship Lab, University of Richmond; Edward Ball; Guilbert Gates; Dacus Thompson; Sonya Maynard, Art and Picture Collection, The New York Public Library, Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, AP Photo/The Natchez Democrat, Ben Hillyer, Subscribe to Smithsonian magazine now for just $12. They bought shoes for them, blankets for them, brought in doctors to treat them. The nicest families in the Shenandoah tipped people into the pipeline south. Northern Shenandoah was wheat country then, with one in five people enslaved and hoeing in the fields. When I meet Boxley he wears red pants, brown slip-ons and a blue T-shirt that says, Juneteenth150th Anniversary. Since 1995, he has annoyed the state of Mississippi and worried tourist managers with his singular obsession to mark the lives of those who passed down the Slave Trail through Forks of the Road. 1792 NC 10/12/98 how does a person inside the family measure the inheritance slave! Is a crossroads, population 2,000 route to Knoxville, in an accident hardly repeated by of... Sell sixty slaves, of various ages, in October 1847, Waller readied gang! Once read, Brooks Brothers still stands, is used to host including. Holidays it is a crossroads, population 2,000 repeated by any of the procession armed... Community center has never been examined in detail age of 10 years in local newspapers seeking people! 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